Abstract
Biofilm formation enhances bacteria’s ability to colonize unique niches while protecting themselves from environmental stressors.Escherichia colithat colonize the urinary tract can protect themselves from the harsh bladder environment by forming biofilms. These biofilms promote persistence that can lead to chronic and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI). While biofilm formation is frequently studied among urinaryE.coli, its association with other pathogenic mechanisms and adaptations in certain host populations remains poorly understood. Here we utilized whole genome sequencing and retrospective medical record analysis to investigate associations between the population structure, phenotypic resistance, resistome, virulome, and patient demographic and clinical findings of 104 unique urinaryE.coliand their capacity to form biofilms. We show that population structure including multilocus sequence typing and Clermont phylogrouping had no association with biofilm capacity. Among clinical factors, exposure to multiple antibiotics within that past 30 days and a clinical history of recurrent UTIs were positively associated with biofilm formation. In contrast, phenotypic antimicrobial reduced susceptibility and corresponding acquired resistance genes were negatively associated with biofilm formation. While biofilm formation was associated with increased virulence genes within the cumulative virulome, individual virulence genes did not influence biofilm capacity. We identified unique virulotypes among different strata of biofilm formation and associated the presence of thetosA/R-ibeAgene combination with moderate to strong biofilm formation. Our findings suggest thatE.colicausing UTI in dogs utilize a heterogenous mixture of virulence genes to reach a biofilm phenotype, some of which may promote robust biofilm capacity. Antimicrobial use may select for two populations, non-biofilm formers that maintain an arsenal of antimicrobial resistance genes to nullify treatment and a second that forms durable biofilms to avoid therapeutic insults.
Funder
College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Reference49 articles.
1. Molecular epidemiology of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli;JR Johnson;EcoSal Plus,2018
2. Molecular mechanisms of Escherichia coli pathogenicity;MA Croxen;Nat Rev Micro,2010
3. Canine bacterial urinary tract infections: new developments in old pathogens;MF Thompson;Vet J,2011
4. Therapeutic strategies involving antimicrobial treatment of the canine urinary tract;GV Ling;J Am Vet Med Assoc,1984
5. Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of canine uropathogens at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 2002–2007;KR Ball;Can Vet J,2008
Cited by
6 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献