Coordination between terminal variation of the viral genome and insect microRNAs regulates rice stripe virus replication in insect vectors

Author:

Zhao Wan,Yu Jinting,Jiang Feng,Wang Wei,Kang Le,Cui FengORCID

Abstract

Maintenance of a balance between the levels of viral replication and selective pressure from the immune systems of insect vectors is one of the prerequisites for efficient transmission of insect-borne propagative phytoviruses. The mechanism regulating the adaptation of RNA viruses to insect vectors by genomic variation remains unknown. Our previous study demonstrated an extension of the 3’-untranslated terminal region (UTR) of two genomic segments of rice stripe virus (RSV). In the present study, a reverse genetic system for RSV in human cells and an insect vector, the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus, was used to demonstrate that the 3’-terminal extensions suppressed viral replication in vector insects by inhibiting promoter activity due to structural interference with the panhandle structure formed by viral 3’- and 5’-UTRs. The extension sequence in the viral RNA1 segment was targeted by an endogenous insect microRNA, miR-263a, which decreased the inhibitory effect of the extension sequence on viral promoter activity. Surprisingly, the expression of miR-263a was negatively regulated by RSV infection. This elaborate coordination between terminal variation of the viral genome and endogenous insect microRNAs controls RSV replication in planthopper, thus reflecting a distinct strategy of adaptation of phytoviruses to insect vectors.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

State Key Research Development Program of China

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Publisher

Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Subject

Virology,Genetics,Molecular Biology,Immunology,Microbiology,Parasitology

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