Challenges for sustainable healthcare waste management in Ethiopia: a qualitative investigation of gaps in policy and regulatory framework

Abstract

ABSTRACT In Ethiopia, studies have identified inefficiencies in policy and regulatory frameworks as root causes of poor healthcare waste management (HCWM). However, specific gaps within these frameworks, along with the underlying factors influencing them, have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study aims to examine these policy and regulatory gaps and factors affecting sustainable HCWM in Ethiopia. The findings revealed that while a policy and regulatory framework exists and is embedded in the national constitution, documents are fragmented and there is a lack of essential legislation. Additionally, the space is characterised by outdated policies and regulations, as well as the absence of systematic policy monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. Three thematically categorised challenges were found to influence these gaps, including organisational and structural challenges, resource constraints, and stakeholder engagement and communication challenges. The study concludes that critical shortcomings in policy and regulatory frameworks hinder effective HCWM. These shortcomings are rooted in systematic challenges, highlighting the need for further research and the establishment of a centralised policy institute to address and coordinate HCWM reform.