Has influenza B/Yamagata become extinct and what implications might this have for quadrivalent influenza vaccines?

Author:

Paget John1,Caini Saverio1,Del Riccio Marco21,van Waarden Willemijn1,Meijer Adam3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, the Netherlands

2. University of Florence, Florence, Italy

3. Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands

Abstract

While two influenza B virus lineages have co-circulated, B/Yamagata-lineage circulation has not been confirmed since March 2020. The WHO FluNet database indicates that B/Yamagata-lineage detections were reported in 2021 and 2022. However, detections can result from use of quadrivalent live-attenuated vaccines. Of the type B viruses detected post-March 2020, all ascribed to a lineage have been B/Victoria-lineage. There is need for a global effort to detect and lineage-ascribe type B influenza viruses, to assess if B/Yamagata-lineage viruses have become extinct.

Publisher

European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC)

Subject

Virology,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Epidemiology

Reference21 articles.

1. Human seasonal influenza under COVID-19 and the potential consequences of influenza lineage elimination.;Dhanasekaran;Nat Commun,2022

2. World Health organization (WHO). FluNet. Global Influenza Programme. Geneva: WHO. [Accessed: 14 Aug 2022]. Available from: https://www.who.int/tools/flunet

3. Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE). COVID-19 Dashboard. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University. [Accessed 14 Aug 2022]. Available from: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

4. Global initiative on sharing all influenza data (GISAID). EpiFlu database. Munich: GISAID. [Accessed: 29 Aug 2022]. Available from: www.gisaid.org

5. World Health organization (WHO). Recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2022- 2023 northern hemisphere influenza season. Geneva: WHO; 2022. Available from: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/influenza/who-influenza-recommendations/vcm-northern-hemisphere-recommendation-2022-2023/202202_recommendation.pdf?sfvrsn=5c88e006_13&download=true

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