Role of TNF-α in vascular dysfunction

Author:

Zhang Hanrui1234,Park Yoonjung1234,Wu Junxi1234,Chen Xiu ping1234,Lee Sewon1234,Yang Jiyeon1234,Dellsperger Kevin C.12,Zhang Cuihua1234

Affiliation:

1. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A.

2. Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A.

3. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A.

4. Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, U.S.A.

Abstract

Healthy vascular function is primarily regulated by several factors including EDRF (endothelium-dependent relaxing factor), EDCF (endothelium-dependent contracting factor) and EDHF (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing factor). Vascular dysfunction or injury induced by aging, smoking, inflammation, trauma, hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia are among a myriad of risk factors that may contribute to the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes and atherosclerosis. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the impaired vascular activity remain unresolved and there is no current scientific consensus. Accumulating evidence suggests that the inflammatory cytokine TNF (tumour necrosis factor)-α plays a pivotal role in the disruption of macrovascular and microvascular circulation both in vivo and in vitro. AGEs (advanced glycation end-products)/RAGE (receptor for AGEs), LOX-1 [lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1) and NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) signalling play key roles in TNF-α expression through an increase in circulating and/or local vascular TNF-α production. The increase in TNF-α expression induces the production of ROS (reactive oxygen species), resulting in endothelial dysfunction in many pathophysiological conditions. Lipid metabolism, dietary supplements and physical activity affect TNF-α expression. The interaction between TNF-α and stem cells is also important in terms of vascular repair or regeneration. Careful scrutiny of these factors may help elucidate the mechanisms that induce vascular dysfunction. The focus of the present review is to summarize recent evidence showing the role of TNF-α in vascular dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. We believe these findings may prompt new directions for targeting inflammation in future therapies.

Publisher

Portland Press Ltd.

Subject

General Medicine

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