Analyzing Fetal Outcomes Variability in Women with Short Inter-Pregnancy Intervals: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

The optimal interpregnancy interval (IPI) of 18-23 months is crucial for a mother's health, preventing adverse perinatal outcomes. Short IPI, particularly in females with a history of Cesarean section opting for vaginal birth, is associated with a 2 to 3 times increased risk of uterine rupture and other major morbidities. Objective: To assess the frequency of various fetal outcomes in women with short inter-pregnancy intervals. Methods: The study employed a Non-probability Consecutive sampling technique over nine months, from September 28, 2020, to June 20, 2021, comprising 170 female subjects who met inclusion criteria and provided informed consent, parameters such as parity, gestational age, and details about previous births were investigated. Presenting complaints were recorded using data collection proforma. The assessments included a thorough physical examination, per abdomen evaluation based on gestational age, and vaginal examination. Results: Maternal age data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 categorized into four groups, with mean age of 30 ± 1.27. Gravidity status was divided into three categories: 77.65% were multigravida, 18.82% were grand multigravida, and 3.53% were great grand multigravida among patients. Notably, 32.35% of females experienced preterm premature rupture of membranes, 38.82% had neonates born preterm, 12.35% suffered early neonatal death, and 25.29% had newborns with less weight at birth. Conclusions: The research concluded that short IPI is a significant factor in adverse fetal outcomes, negatively impacting maternal and child well-being.