Clinical Effectiveness of Newborn Screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Author:

Schwartz Oliver1,Vill Katharina23,Pfaffenlehner Michelle45,Behrens Max45,Weiß Claudia6,Johannsen Jessika7,Friese Johannes8,Hahn Andreas9,Ziegler Andreas10,Illsinger Sabine11,Smitka Martin12,von Moers Arpad13,Kölbel Heike14,Schreiber Gudrun15,Kaiser Nadja16,Wilichowski Ekkehard17,Flotats-Bastardas Marina18,Husain Ralf A.19,Baumann Matthias20,Köhler Cornelia21,Trollmann Regina22,Schwerin-Nagel Annette23,Eisenkölbl Astrid24,Schimmel Mareike25,Fleger Martin26,Kauffmann Birgit27,Wiegand Gert28,Baumgartner Manuela29,Rauscher Christian30,Cirak Sebahattin31,Gläser Dieter32,Bernert Günther33,Hagenacker Tim34,Goldbach Susanne35,Probst-Schendzielorz Kristina35,Lochmüller Hanns3637,Müller-Felber Wolfgang2,Schara-Schmidt Ulrike14,Walter Maggie C.38,Kirschner Janbernd37,Pechmann Astrid37, ,Baum Petra39,Metelmann Moritz39,Zeiner Fiona39,Löscher Wolfgang39,Pilshofer Veronika39,Mörtlbauer Kathrin39,Pernegger Elke39,Elmecker Anna39,Neimair Tanja39,Angermair Verena39,Rappold Mika39,Ille Alexandra39,Gosk - Tomek Magdalena39,Wiesenhofer Anna39,Vettori Katia39,Hüpper Anna39,Stadler Theresa39,Bertsche Astrid39,Pauschek Josefine39,Blankenburg Markus39,Reihle Christof39,Schroth Michael39,Braun Sarah39,Wendel Eva-Maria39,Haverkamp Julia39,Banholzer Daniela39,Homma Annette Karolin39,Denecke Jonas39,Driemeyer Joenna39,Weiss Deike39,Steffens Paula-Sophie39,Taherpour Jila39,Deschauer Marcus39,Lingor Paul39,Semmler Luisa39,Machetanz Gerrit39,Eckenweiler Matthias39,Henzi Bettina39,Müller Cornelia39,Langer Thorsten39,Wider Sabine39,Hug Juliane39,Stein Sabine39,Vogt Sibylle39,Dörnbrack Katharina39,Saier Christina39,Tassoni Adrian39,Wenzel Franziska39,Kampowski Tim39,Gebert Axel39,Steiner Elisabeth39,Pühringer Manuel39,Baumann Sandra39,Dall Andrea39,Bant Christina39,Reinhardt Tabea39,Zemlin Michael39,Hettrich Sabine39,Holzwarth Dorothea39,Geitmann Stephanie39,Dworschak Gabriel39,Busch Franziska39,Baur Ute39,Richmann Marion39,Geis Tobias39,Wittmann Wolfgang39,Goldhahn Klaus39,Theophil Manuela39,von Moers Arpad39,Müller-Kaempffer Katharina39,Zeisler Daniela39,Bühner Kathrin39,Nicolai Sylke39,Groß Martin39,Kappel Stefan39,Günther René39,Freigang Maren39,Lapp Hanna Sophie39,Dittes Isabelle39,Wessel Maria39,Stolte Benjamin39,Brakemeier Svenja39,Thimm Andreas39,Lipka Jaqueline39,Schlag Melina39,Martakis Kyriakos39,Gehrke Tascha39,Quinten Lisa39,Hackemer Andrea39,Ruß Lena39,Atta Omar39,Lang Annina39,Hamelmann Eckard39,Classen Georg39,Ntemiris Klearchos39,Albers Kristina39,Plugge Loreen39,Horber Veronka39,Roland-Schäfer Doris39,Bevot Andrea39,Jansen Eva39,Küpper Hanna39,Meßmer Birgit39,Steuernagel Daniela39,Borowski Sabine39,Bretschneider Christa39,Roth Erdmute39,Müller Anja39,de Vries Heike39,Hartmann Hans39,Ramadan Barbara39,Kamm Christoph39,Fischer Sophie39,Wermuth Marieke39,Hustedt Ulf39,Koch Jan Christoph39,Muhandes Mohamad Tareq39,Baum Tobias39,Hotter Anna39,Ludolph Albert39,Uzelac Zeljko39,Witzel Simon39,Dorst Johannes39,Schuster Joachim39,Wollinsky Kurt39,Martin Pascal39,Mensch Alexander39,Naegel Steffen39,Schneider Ilka39,Kendzierski Thomas39,Koelsch Anna39,Meyer zu Hörste Gerd39,Wiethoff Sarah39,Akova-Oztürk Esra39,Blaschek Astrid39,Hannibal Iris39,Warken-Madelung Birgit39,Well Therese39,Rotenfusser Elisabeth39,Nitzsche Maren39,Neuwirth Christoph39,Braun Nathalie39,Dibrani Zylfie39,Bischofberger Jasmin39,Petri Susanne39,Bjelica Bogdan39,Wohnrade Camilla39,Riesmeier Tilman39,Schwippert Michaela39,Leinert Antonia39,Oscmanovic Alma39,Schreiber-Katz Olivia39,Eisenkölbl Astrid39,Rathmann Imke39,Schäfer Dorothee39,Della-Marina Adela39,Gangfuß Andrea39,Holtkamp Britta39,Andres Barbara39,Renger Isabelle39,Angelova-Toshkina Daniela39,Jung Lisa39,Schrank Bertold39,Wilken Bernd39,Osmanovic Alma39,Fiedler Barbara39,Deba Timo39,Johann to Settel Eva39,Köbbing Katja39,Omran Heymut39,Guillemot Hélène39,Plecko Barbara39,Zobel Joachim39,Grässl Michael39,Claeys Sander39,von der Hagen Maja39,Schallner Jens39,Fiebig Susan39,Foerster Sandy39,Claus Nicole39,Lehnert Ilka39,Hammer Julie39,Steinbach Meike39,Tomforde Maike39,Stoffels Johannes39,Voelkl Thomas39,Kraut Christina39,Hollerauer Carmen39,Seeber Lea39,Grünwedel Mike39,Topakian Raffi39,Müller Petra39,Vollmann Peter39,Krahwinkler Ina39,Behring Bettina39,Schüssler Stephanie39,Türk Matthias39,Vorgerd Matthias39,Güttsches Anne39,Roeder Melanie39,Lange Irene39,Reilich Peter39,Hiebeler Miriam39,Montagnese Federica39,Thiele Simone39,Hagenmeyer Anna39,Grimm Laura39,Wirner-Piotrowski Corinna39,Weiler Markus39,Wick Wolfgang39,Berberich Nicole39,Mann-Richter Marcel39,Rochau-Trumpp Heidi39,Schnurr Marion39,Stocker Guido39,Stoltenburg Corinna39,Schneider Joanna39,Wagner Alexandra39,George Annette39,Dukic Vladimir39,Kaindl Angela M.39,van der Stam Lieske39,Wunderlich Gilbert39,Wurster* Claudia Diana39,Dorst* Johannes39,Schuster* Joachim39,Ludolph* Albert Christian39,Zeller Daniel39,Bellut Julia39,Brauner Brigitte39,Leypold Christine39,Hoffmann Georg Friedrich39,Kölker Stefan39,Saffari Afshin39,Niesert Moritz39,Specht Sabine39,Hoevel Annegret39,Bongartz Anke39,Zöller Daniela39,Binder Harald39,Hackenberg Maren39

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pediatric Neurology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany

2. Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine and Ludwig Maximilians University Center for Children with Medical Complexity, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

3. Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

4. Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

5. Freiburg Centre for Data Analysis and Modelling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

6. Department of Pediatric Neurology and Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany

7. Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8. Department of Neuropediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

9. Department of Child Neurology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany

10. Department of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

11. Clinic for Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

12. Abteilung Neuropaediatrie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

13. Department of Pediatrics und Neuropediatrics, Deutsches Rotes Kreuz Kliniken Berlin, Berlin, Germany

14. Department of Neuropediatrics and Neuromuscular Centre for Cdhildren and Adolescents, Center for Translational Neuro and Behavioral Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

15. Department of Pediatric Neurology, Klinikum Kassel, Kassel, Germany

16. Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital, Tübingen, Germany

17. Department of Paediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Centre, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

18. Department of Pediatric Neurology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany

19. Department of Neuropediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

20. Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

21. St. Josef-Hospital, Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Abteilung für Neuropädiatrie und Sozialpädiatrie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany

22. Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

23. Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

24. Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria

25. Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany

26. Department of Pediatrics, State Hospital of Bregenz, Bregenz, Austria

27. Departement of Pediatric Neurology, Eltern-Kind-Zentrum Prof. Hess, Central Hospital Bremen, Bremen, Germany

28. Neuropediatrics Section of the Department of Pediatrics, Asklepios Clinic Hamburg Nord-Heidberg, Hamburg, Germany

29. Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ordensklinikum Linz, Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria

30. Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Private Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

31. Division of Pediatric Neurology, Metabolics and Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

32. MVZ Genetikum GmbH, Center for Human Genetics, Neu-Ulm, Germany

33. Department of Pediatrics, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria

34. Department of Neurology, and Center for Translational Neuro and Behavioral Sciences, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany

35. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Muskelkranke, Freiburg, Germany

36. Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital and Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

37. Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

38. Friedrich Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Munich, Germany

39. for the SMARTCARE study group

Abstract

ImportanceThere is increasing evidence that early diagnosis and treatment are key for outcomes in infants with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and newborn screening programs have been implemented to detect the disease before onset of symptoms. However, data from controlled studies that reliably confirm the benefits of newborn screening are lacking.ObjectiveTo compare data obtained on patients with SMA diagnosed through newborn screening and those diagnosed after clinical symptom onset.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nonrandomized controlled trial used data from the SMARTCARE registry to evaluate all children born between January 2018 and September 2021 with genetically confirmed SMA and up to 3 SMN2 copies. The registry includes data from 70 participating centers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Data analysis was performed in February 2023 so that all patients had a minimal follow-up of 18 months.ExposurePatients born in 2 federal states in Germany underwent screening in a newborn screening pilot project. All other patients were diagnosed after clinical symptom onset. All patients received standard care within the same health care system.Main OutcomesThe primary end point was the achievement of motor milestones.ResultsA total of 234 children (123 [52.6%] female) were identified who met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis: 44 (18.8%) in the newborn screening cohort and 190 children (81.2%) in the clinical symptom onset cohort. The mean (SD) age at start of treatment with 1 of the approved disease-modifying drugs was 1.3 (2.2) months in the newborn screening cohort and 10.7 (9.1) months in the clinical symptom onset cohort. In the newborn screening cohort, 40 of 44 children (90.9%) gained the ability to sit independently vs 141 of 190 (74.2%) in the clinical symptom onset cohort. For independent ambulation, the ratio was 28 of 40 (63.6%) vs 28 of 190 (14.7%).Conclusions and RelevanceThis nonrandomized controlled trial demonstrated effectiveness of newborn screening for infants with SMA in the real-world setting. Functional outcomes and thus the response to treatment were significantly better in the newborn screening cohort compared to the unscreened clinical symptom onset group.Trial RegistrationGerman Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00012699

Publisher

American Medical Association (AMA)

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