Clinical Features and Outcomes of Black Patients with Melanoma

Abstract

ImportanceMelanoma in Black individuals has an annual incidence of approximately 1 in 100 000 people. Most studies of melanoma in Black patients have used population databases, which lack important, precise clinical details.ObjectiveTo identify patient-level and tumor-level characteristics of melanoma in Black patients.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case series included Black patients with melanoma at 2 tertiary care centers (University of Texas Southwestern [UTSW] Medical Center and Parkland Health), affiliated with a single institution, UTSW in Dallas, Texas. Self-reported Black patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of melanoma were identified between January 2006 and October 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main variables were demographics, clinical characteristics, personal and family medical history, immunosuppression history, comorbidities, histopathology reports, molecular/genetic studies, imaging reports, melanoma treatments and responses, time to progression, metastatic sites, and survival rates.ResultsA total of 48 Black patients with melanoma (median [range] age at diagnosis, 62 [23-86] years; 30 [63%] female) were included in the study. Of 40 primary cutaneous melanomas, 30 (75%) were located on acral skin, despite only 10 of 30 (33%) being histologically classified as acral lentiginous melanomas. Compared with those with acral disease, patients with nonacral cutaneous melanomas were more likely to be immunocompromised (4 of 10 [40%] vs 2 of 30 [7%]) or have a personal history of cancer (6 of 10 [60%] vs 5 of 30 [17%]), with all 3 patients with superficial spreading melanoma having a history of both. No patients had more than 1 confirmed primary melanoma. Overall, 13 Black patients (27%) with melanoma developed stage IV disease, of whom 12 died because of disease progression. Those diagnosed with advanced acral melanoma, mucosal/ocular melanoma, or melanoma of unknown primary lacked actionable sequence variations, were nonresponsive to immunotherapy, and had the poorest outcomes. No patients with nonacral cutaneous melanomas developed distant metastases or died of melanoma.Conclusions and RelevanceThis single-institution case series highlights several features of melanoma in Black patients that have not been captured in existing population-level registries, including precise anatomic sites, immune status, family and personal cancer history, and genetics. Multi-institutional registries would improve understanding of melanoma in Black patients.