1. Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Ontario, Canada2Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
2. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
3. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania4Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsy
4. Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia6Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
5. Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania7Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
6. Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
7. Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
8. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
9. Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York12Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
10. Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
11. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
12. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania