1. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
2. Department of Anesthesiology, Groningen Pain Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
3. Research Group Smart Health, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, the Netherlands
4. Department of Neurosurgery, Martini Hospital Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
5. Care and Public Health Research Institute School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
6. Department of Neurosurgery, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
7. Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
8. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center Haaglanden, the Hague, the Netherlands
9. Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth Tweesteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, the Netherlands
10. Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen and Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
11. Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, the Hague, the Netherlands
12. Department of Neurosurgery Haga Teaching Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands
13. Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
14. Department of Neurosurgery, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
15. Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
16. Department of Rehabilitation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
17. for the FACET investigators