1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
2. Department of Reconstruction and Projects, University of Mustansiriyah, Palestine St., P.O Box 14022, Baghdad, Iraq, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5831-297X
3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada (Corresponding author), e-mail: gcascant@uwaterloo.ca