Adjustment disorders, hypertension and type 2 diabetes: a cardiologist’s view (literature review)

Abstract

The role of the stress factor and adjustment disorders among patients of a very high-risk group, namely with hypertension against the background of type 2 diabetes, was examined in the review of domestic and foreign sources of literature from the PubMed database. The authors provide data on the classification and terminology of adjustment disorders in this category of patients, and the contribution of the stress factor and activation of neurohumoral systems in their formation is considered in the historical aspect. The issue of the role of such adjustment disorders as anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, violent behavior in the family, at work is considered separately in terms of the negative course and progression of these dangerous diseases. Data are given on a number of non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors, namely genetic, haemodynamic, neurohumoral, hormonal and cardiometabolic characteristics of patients, prevalence, morbidity and mortality from complications of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in the presence of adjustment disorders; a brief description of diagnostic and preventive approaches to the correction of adjustment disorders among patients at a very high risk are described from a cardiologist’s standpoint.