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摘要:
本文通过峨眉山基底卷入构造带低温热年代学（磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹、锆石（U-Th）/He）研究，结合典型构造-热结构特征诠释峨眉山晚中-新生代冲断扩展变形与热年代学耦合性.峨眉山磷灰石裂变径迹（AFT）和锆石（U-Th）/He（ZHe）年龄值分别为4~30 Ma和16~118 Ma.ZHe年龄与海拔高程关系揭示出ZHe系统抬升剥蚀残存的部分滞留带（PRZ）.低温热年代学年龄与峨眉山构造分带性具有明显相关性特征：万年寺逆断层上盘基底卷入构造带AFT年龄普遍小于10 Ma，万年寺逆断层下盘扩展变形带AFT年龄普遍大于10 Ma；且空间上AFT年龄与断裂带具有明显相关性，它揭示出峨眉山扩展变形带中新世晚期以来断层冲断缩短构造活动.低温热年代学热史模拟揭示峨眉山构造带晚白垩世以来的多阶段性加速抬升剥蚀过程，基底卷入构造带岩石隆升幅度大约达到7~8 km，渐新世以来抬升剥蚀速率达0.2~0.4 mm·a-1，其新生代多阶段性构造隆升动力学与青藏高原多板块间碰撞过程及其始新世大规模物质东向扩展过程密切相关.
Abstract:Based on low-temperature thermochronology data, e.g., AFT, ZHe and ZFT, it suggests a coupling correlation between the deformation and cooling processes and thermochronology data at the Emeishan area, eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau. AFT and ZHe ages range from 4 Ma to 30 Ma, and from 16 Ma to 118 Ma, respectively. In particular, there is a distinct relationship between ZHe ages and their elevation, indicating of zircon paleo-PRZ here. Furthermore, the AFT ages at hanging wall of the Wanniansi fault are younger than 10 Ma, in contrast to ages larger than 10 Ma at the footwall, indicating of foreward thrusting and erosion process occurred at the Emeishan area. The thermal histories modeled with AFT, ZHe and ZFT data suggest accelerated erosion occurred after Late Cretaceous in the Emeishan, with rate of 0.2~0.4 mm·a-1 after Oligocene, and there is a total magnitude of rock uplift with 7~8 km at the basement-involved deformation zone. We thus argued that the mount-building processes and their uplift dynamics in the Emeishan should be attributed to the northeastward continental subduction of the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks and initial extrusion of the eastern Asian block since the mid-Eocene across the eastern Tibetan Plateau.
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Key words:
- Low-temperature thermochronology /
- Exhumation and erosion /
- Emeishan /
- SE Tibetan Plateau
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图 1
青藏高原东缘峨眉山地质简图及其年代学样品特征
Figure 1.
Geological map of the Emeishan and sampling location of low-temperature thermochronometer
图 2
峨眉山磷灰石裂变径迹样品单颗粒年龄雷达图特征
Figure 2.
Radial plots of samples′ apatite fission track in the Emeishan
图 3
峨眉山热年代学特征与海拔高程综合关系图
Figure 3.
Relationships among the AFT age, length and elevation across the Emeishan
图 4
峨眉山典型低温热年代学样品热史模拟特征图
Figure 4.
Modeled T-t history of the Emeishan based on multisystem low-temperature thermochronological data
图 5
峨眉山构造剖面与低温热年代学综合对比图
Figure 5.
NE-SW structural section of the Emeishan with thermochronological ages related to isotherms of closure-temperature
图 6
新生代峨眉山楔入作用及其快速抬升剥蚀年代学特征模式图
Figure 6.
Geodynamics of the Emeishan, at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
表 1
峨眉山热年代学样品及其年代测试表
Table 1.
Low-temperature thermochronometer data of the Emeishan
样品号 岩性
/地层经度(°E)
纬度(°N)采样
高程
/mNc ρd(Nd)
(×106 cm-2)ρs(Ns)
(×105cm-2)ρi(Ni)
(×105cm-2)铀含量
(ppm)P(2)
(%)ZFT
(Ma±1σ)ZHe
(Ma±1σ)AFT年龄
(Ma±1σ)径迹长度
(μm±1σ)(Nj)Dpar
(μm)S17030304 玄武岩/P2e WPT756
29.52, 103.332950 - 118.1±3.7 - S17030302 砂岩/ O1l WPT242
29.55, 103.342200 - 30.0±0.7 - DB80502 砂岩/∈1c WPT243
29.56, 103.351780 27 0.734
(1834)1.266
(192)26.31
(3988)44.8 94.1 - 26.1±1.5 6.2±0.5 - 1.48±0.2
(1.3~2.1)DB80803 砂岩/ T1d WPT252
29.58, 103.41550 30 0.697
(1743)0.2703
(59)3.486
(761)6.3 100 - - 9.5±1.3 - 1.65±0.3
(1.1~2.3)DB80804 砂岩/ T1f WPT254
29.57, 103.41550 30 0.688
(1720)0.3074
(91)2.804
(830)5.1 100 - - 13.3±1.5 13.7±0.3
(25)1.64±0.3
(1.0~2.5)DB80805 砂岩/ T3x WPT255
29.58, 103.42530 22 0.679
(1697)1.727
(90)19.9
(1037)36.6 99.9 - - 10.4±1.2 - 1.66±0.3
(1.3~2.2)DB80806 砂岩/ E1-2m WPT256
29.58, 103.44470 24 0.67
(1675)3.789
(380)16.66
(1671)31.1 45.9 - - 26.8±1.8 12.3±0.4
(19)1.50±0.2
(1.1~2.1)DB80807 砂岩/ K1t WPT257
29.60, 103.44500 30 0.661
(1652)3.188
(806)19.95
(5044)37.7 86.6 - - 18.6±1.0 12.9±0.2
(87)1.55±0.3
(0.9~2.2)DB80809 砂岩/ T1f WPT253
29.58, 103.41540 30 0.652
(1629)0.4286
(85)3.636
(721)7 100 - - 13.6±1.6 - 1.61±0.3
(1.1~2.5)DB80903 砂岩/ T1d WPT260
29.57, 103.39680 25 0.643
(1606)0.4408
(76)3.318
(572)6.4 100 - - 15.1±1.9 - 1.72±0.3
(1.2~2.7)DB80503 花岗岩/pre-∈ WPT244
29.55, 103.38900 30 0.724
(1811)0.6619
(148)11.49
(2570)19.8 99.2 74.8±16.3 16.0±2.3 7.4±0.7 12.5±0.4
(56)1.45±0.3
(1.0~2.1)DB80701 花岗岩/pre-∈ WPT246
29.52, 103.381050 30 0.715
(1788)0.508
(114)14.08
(3160)24.6 100 - - 4.6±0.5 - 1.43±0.2
(1.0~1.8)DB80702 砂岩/P3x WPT247
29.51, 103.39690 30 0.706
(1766)1.014
(118)9.923
(1155)17.6 99.9 - - 12.7±1.3 13.5±0.5
(7)1.7±0.4
(1.0~2.8)ACP-44* 花岗岩/pre-∈ 29.53, 103.38 1017 25 0.963
(2408)1.331
(140)1.204
(1267)15.6 86.3 - - 18.6±1.7 13.67±0.15
(62)ACP-45* 花岗岩/pre-∈ 29.53, 103.38 790 25 0.955
(2386)1.425
(102)1.117
(800)14.6 87.4 - - 21.3±2.3 13.66±0.13
(61)ACP-46* 花岗岩/pre-∈ 29.52, 103.38 670 21 0.946
(2365)1.643
(81)1.093
(539)14.4 87.5 - - 24.9±3.0 13.45±0.18
(36)ACP-47* 花岗岩/pre-∈ 29.49, 103.36 870 24 0.937
(2343)1.371
(102)1.015
(755)13.5 72.8 - - 22.2±2.4 13.53±0.16
(34)ACP-48* 花岗岩/pre-∈ 29.44, 103.33 1330 23 0.928
(2321)5.578
(309)2.989
(1656)40.3 89.1 - - 30.3±2.2 13.75±0.13
(80)注：ZFT为磷灰石裂变径迹样品年龄，ZHe为(U-Th)/He年龄，AFT为磷灰石裂变径迹年龄，所有样品年龄为中值年龄，样品年龄采用Zeta常数法计算获得，Apatite-Zeta CN5=353.0±10；Nc为样品测试颗粒数量；ρd、ρs和ρi分别为标准、自发和诱发径迹密度；Nd、Ns和Ni分别为标准、自发和诱发统计径迹数量；P(2)为Chi-sq检验概率，P(2)>5%时，通常认为所测各单颗粒年龄属于同组年龄，否则，属于不同年龄组；其中带*号样品据Meng et al.(2016). 
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