The use of phytobiotics in fish feeding as an alternative to antibacterial and probiotic preparations (review)

Abstract

Relevance. The use of antibacterial drugs as feed additives for many years has made it possible to reduce the risk of developing infectious pathologies and, as a result, increased the productivity of the industry, in addition to obvious advantages, the constant use of antibiotics develops bacterial resistance, negatively affects representatives of the normoflora of biocenoses and has an accumulating effect in aquaculture. One of the possible ways to increase productivity is the use of probiotic strains with pronounced antagonistic characteristics against pathogenic microorganisms. It should be noted that for optimal fish growth, a high level of species-specificity of the structural microbiome is necessary, which ultimately cannot guarantee the effectiveness of the use of commercial probiotic drugs in fish feeding diets.Results. The presented scientific data on the use of phytobiotics indicate not only a pronounced effect stimulating the growth of fish, but also a high antioxidant and immunostimulating effect. Separately, it is worth noting the high level of effectiveness of the tested plants against pathogenic strains of A. hydrophila microorganisms (purslane leaf powder; dogwood fruit extract; a combination of essential oils of thyme, red thyme and rosemary pepper; food nanoparticles of cinnamon, a combination of extracts of coriander, mallow, oak acorn; pandanus roofing extract), A. veronii (apricot seed powder), L. monocytogenes (basil clove leaf extract), S. agalactiae (Belgian quince fruit extract). Hypothetically, this mechanism can be explained not only by the activation of indicators of nonspecific immunity, but also by the influence of the majority of plants tested in experiments with the anti Quorum Sensing effect. This review is aimed at describing the global trend in the use of phytobiotics in fish feeding.