A new manufacturing process for allogeneic bone plates based on high hydrostatic pressure–treated granules for jaw augmentation

Abstract

Abstract Currently used methods for processing allogeneic bone grafts like gamma irradiation are connected with downside of altering the mechanical properties of the graft. As an alternative, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) leads to an effective devitalization of cells without influencing the bone matrix and its mechanical behavior. To address the clinical application, bone plates were prepared out of HHP-treated bone granules, which are conceivable for augmentations in the jaw region. In order to achieve sufficient mechanical strength, two different adhesives were tested. Mechanical characterization by three-point bending tests was performed. Furthermore, analysis regarding cytotoxicity as well as colonization experiments with mesenchymal stem cells were performed to investigate osteoconductive properties of the bone plates. While plates composed of fibrin glue showed better biocompatibility, plates prepared with Loctite® 408 showed better mechanical properties and could be incorporated in a model application. Regardless of the adhesive, bone plates induced osteogenic differentiation compared to cells cultured without bone plates. Although an adhesive combining both properties would be necessary for later clinical application, the study at hand demonstrates the possibility of producing allogeneic bone plates from HHP-treated granules, which meet the basic requirements for jaw augmentation.