Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and osteoprotegerin levels as an indicator and diagnostic predictor of endothelial dysfunction

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) modifies many cellular processes that contribute to atherosclerosis. The increased concentrations of osteoprotegerin (OPG) are related with coronary artery disease, calcification in vascular tissue, advanced atherosclerosis, and diabetic complications has been informed. The aim of our study was to define the relation among PPAR-γ Pro12Ala and, OPG and PPAR-γ in Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) and hypertension (HT). Also, it was aim to investigate the relationship between flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in HT and ankle brachial index (ABI) in PVD in terms of endothelial dysfunction (ED). Methods Fifty-four patients with HT, 47 with PVD, and 52 healthy for the controls were included. Blood samples were used for analyzing PPAR-γ and OPG by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and biochemical assays. The PPAR-γ Pro12Ala was examined using TaqMan with PrimerProbMix. p value less than 0.05 was accepted as the limit of significance. Results The PPAR-γ was significantly decreased in both HT and PVD (p<0.001). The serum concentrations of OPG were higher in HT (p<0.001) and increased in diabetic ones (p<0.05). CG genotype of PPAR-γ Pro12Ala was more frequent in HT patients (p<0.001). In the HT patients, increased OPG and decreased PPAR-γ were found in CC (p<0.001). In the PVD patients, PPAR-γ levels decreased in carrying with CC (p<0.05). Conclusions It may be significant that increased OPG, as a marker of endothelial dysfunction, is found in HT. Moreover, decreased PPAR-γ in those who have to carry CC may be protective in both HT and PVD.