The role and mechanism of tryptophan – kynurenine metabolic pathway in depression

Author:

Gong Xiaoli1,Chang Rui2,Zou Ju2,Tan Sijie2,Huang Zeyi12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Clinical Laboratory , Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510900 , China

2. Department of Histology and Embryology , School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China , 28 W. Chang Sheng Road , Hengyang 421001 , Hunan , China

Abstract

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental illness characterized by persistent low mood and anhedonia, normally accompanied with cognitive impairment. Due to its rising incidence and high rate of recurrence and disability, MDD poses a substantial threat to patients’ physical and mental health, as well as a significant economic cost to society. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of MDD are still unclear. Chronic inflammation may cause indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) to become overactive throughout the body and brain, resulting in excess quinolinic acid (QUIN) and less kynuric acid (KYNA) in the brain. QUIN’s neurotoxicity damages glial cells and neurons, accelerates neuronal apoptosis, hinders neuroplasticity, and causes depression due to inflammation. Therefore, abnormal TRP-KYN metabolic pathway and its metabolites have been closely related to MDD, suggesting changes in the TRP-KYN metabolic pathway might contribute to MDD. In addition, targeting TRP-KYN with traditional Chinese medicine showed promising treatment effects for MDD. This review summarizes the recent studies on the TRP-KYN metabolic pathway and its metabolites in depression, which would provide a theoretical basis for exploring the etiology and pathogenesis of depression.

Funder

Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation

Outstanding Youth Project of Hunan Education Department

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Subject

General Neuroscience

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