REVIEW ON MALDI MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ITS APPLICATION IN CLINICAL RESEARCH

Abstract

Mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful analytical tool in various scientific disciplines, and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has gained significant prominence, particularly in the field of clinical research. This review provides a comprehensive overview of MALDI-MS, its principles, and its applications in clinical research settings. This study delves into the technical aspects of MALDI-MS, discussing key components such as the matrix, sample preparation methods, and mass analyzers. It highlights recent advancements and innovations in MALDI-MS technology, showcasing its evolution and adaptation to meet the increasing demands of clinical applications. MALDI-MS involves the use of laser energy to desorb and ionize molecules from a solid-phase matrix, enabling the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules, including proteins, peptides, lipids, and metabolites. The technique's ability to analyze complex biological samples with high sensitivity and specificity has made it invaluable in clinical research. In the realm of clinical research, MALDI-MS has found applications in disease diagnosis, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic monitoring. The review explores specific examples of MALDI-MS applications in various clinical areas, including oncology, infectious diseases, and metabolic disorders. Case studies and experimental findings are presented to underscore the practical utility of MALDI-MS in these contexts. Moreover, the review discusses the challenges and limitations associated with MALDI-MS in clinical research, such as standardization of protocols, reproducibility, and sample heterogeneity. Strategies to overcome these challenges are addressed, emphasizing ongoing efforts to enhance the reliability and robustness of MALDI-MS-based analyses in clinical settings. MALDI-MS has proven to be a transformative technology in clinical research, offering unique insights into the molecular landscape of diseases and paving the way for personalized medicine. As MALDI-MS continues to evolve, its integration into routine clinical workflows holds the potential to revolutionize diagnostics and improve patient outcomes. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals seeking a comprehensive understanding of MALDI-MS and its myriad applications in the field of clinical research. Keywords: MALDI-MS, Clinical Research, Review, Ionization Mass Spectrometry.