Amplificação isotérmica mediada por loop para detecção de patógenos de plantas

Abstract

Disease control is crucial to minimize potential losses in agriculture and thereby maintain high crop yield. However, for its effectiveness, the pathogen must be detected early and correctly in the production fields. Different methods of diagnosis can be used, from those based on symptoms to molecular tests. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a molecular technique that has been widely used in several biological fields, due to the ease with which it can be applied. The reaction can be carried out in a single thermal condition, due to the use of Bst DNA polymerase, isolated from the bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus, which has high displacement activity. LAMP is a highly exponential amplification method that produces the target DNA in amounts 109 -1010 times between 45 and 60 minutes at 60-65°C. Its advantages are the visualization of results directly with the naked eye and the fact that it does not need sophisticated equipment for its application. In phytopathology, the technique has been gaining prominence in the detection of fungi, viruses, bacteria, nematodes and phytoplasmas, as well as in the monitoring of fungicide-resistant fungi. LAMP can benefit agriculture so that early, accurate and sensitive diagnostics can be carried out in the fields of cultivation and minimize losses caused by diseases. In this review, we present and discuss LAMP tests, developed for plant pathogens detection, which can be useful for researchers who wish to use the technique in their research area