1. Department of General Medicine, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
2. Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo Medical University, Hyogo, Japan
3. Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
4. Division of Hospital Medicine, Queen’s Medical Center, Honolulu, USA
5. Department of General Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan