1. Sanyo Special Steel Co, Technical Brochure. http://www.sanyo-steel.co.jp/english/product/special_steel/images/pdf/bearing_steel_201712.pdf, p. 8.
2. Ein Beitrag zur Metallurgie des Elektro-Schlacke-Umschmelzverfahrens
3. Moshkevitch EI, et al. "Thermal stresses in cast ingots",Stahl in English; Iron and Steel Institute, London 1970, pp. 150–151.