1. a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , N2L 3G1 , Canada
2. b Centre for Ecology and Hydrology , Wallingford , Oxfordshire , OX10 8BB , UK
3. c US Geological Survey , Augusta , Maine , 04330 , USA
4. d Department of Earth Sciences , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia , V5A 1S6 , Canada
5. e Environment Canada , Vancouver , British Columbia , V6C 3S5 , Canada
6. f School of Geography and Earth Sciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , L8S 4K1 , Canada