1. Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
2. Honey bee Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
3. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
4. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, El-Tor, Egypt
5. Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
6. Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
7. Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA