The impact of vaccination on the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease from a nationwide surveillance program in Lebanon: an unexpected increase in mortality driven by non-vaccine serotypes

Author:

Reslan Lina1,Youssef Nour12,Boutros Celina F.1ORCID,Assaf-Casals Aia12,Fayad Danielle1,Khafaja Sarah12,Akl Fata1,Finianos Marc134,Rizk Amena A.1,Shaker Rouba12,Zaghlout Alissar1,Lteif Mireille1,El Hafi Bassam15ORCID,Moumneh Mohammad Bahij1,Feghali Rita6,Ghanem Soha78,Jisr Tamima9,Karayakoupoglou Gilbert10,Naboulsi Malak10,Hamze Monzer11,Samad Salam12,Khoury Elie12,Sarraf Ricardo13,Osman Marwan1415ORCID,Bou Raad Elie14,El Amin Hadi14,Abadi Ibrahim16,Abdo Hicham17,Chedid Marwan18,Chamseddine Fatima19,Barakat Angelique20,Houmani Mohammad21,Haddad Antoine22,Abdel Nour Georges23,Mokhbat Jacques E.24,Daoud Ziad252627,El-Zaatari Mohamad28,Salem Sokhn Elie2930,Ghosn Nada31,Ammar Walid32,Hamadeh Randa33,Matar Ghassan M.15,Araj George F.134,Dbaibo Ghassan S.12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR) and WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial Pathogens, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

2. Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon

3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic

4. Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic

5. Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

6. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rafik Hariri University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

7. Department of Pediatrics, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

8. Department of Pediatrics, Saint Georges Hospital University Medical Center, Achrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon

9. Laboratory medicine and transfusion medicine department, Makassed General Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

10. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Haykal Hospital, Tripoli, Lebanon

11. Department of Microbiology, Nini Hospital, Tripoli, Lebanon

12. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier du Nord, Zgharta, Lebanon

13. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Monla Hospital, Tripoli, Lebanon

14. Department of Microbiology, El-Youssef Hospital Center, Halba, Lebanon

15. Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

16. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Al Rassoul Al Azam, Beirut, Lebanon

17. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dar El Shifa, Tripoli, Lebanon

18. Department of Laboratory Medicine, New Mazloum Hospital, Tripoli, Lebanon

19. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bahman Hospital, Lebanon

20. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bellevue Medical Center, Mansourieh, Lebanon

21. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Labib Medical Center, Saida, Lebanon

22. Department of Clinical Pathology and Blood Bank, Sacre Coeur Hospital, Lebanese University, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon

23. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital Center, Jbeil, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon

24. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Lebanese American of Beirut Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Achrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon

25. Keserwan Medical Center, Jounieh, Mount Lebanon, Lebanon

26. Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, College of Medicine, Central Michigan University and Michigan Health Clinic, Michigan, USA

27. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saint Georges Hospital University Medical Center, Achrafieh, Saida, Lebanon

28. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hammoud Hospital University Medical Center, Saida, Lebanon

29. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lebanese Hospital Geitaoui-University Medical Center (UMC), Achrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon

30. Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon

31. Epidemiological Surveillance Unit, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon

32. General Director, Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon

33. PHC Department, Lebanese Ministry of Public Health. Global Health Team of Experts (GHTE), Lebanon

34. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Funder

funded

Publisher

Informa UK Limited

Subject

Drug Discovery,Pharmacology,Molecular Medicine,Immunology

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