Tree marking guidelines for northern hardwoods: a review of criteria for assessing vigour and quality

Author:

Gorgolewski Adam1,Cockwell Malcolm1,McCay Thomas1,Moreau Guillaume2,Caspersen John3

Affiliation:

1. Haliburton Forest Research Institute, Haliburton Forest and Wild Life Reserve Ltd., 1095 Redkenn Rd., Haliburton, ON K0M 1S0

2. Department of Wood and Forest Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Geography, and Geomatics, Laval University, 2405, rue de la Terrasse, Québec G1V 0A6

3. Institute of Forestry and Conservation, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St. Toronto, ON M5S 3B3

Abstract

Recent studies have highlighted the need to update hardwood tree marking guides by changing the criteria used to assess vigour and quality, and thus the priority for deciding which trees to remove and retain during selection harvests. However, these studies have recommended different criteria, so it remains uncertain which should be included in the classification systems used to assess vigour and quality. We review these studies with the aim of reducing this uncertainty and identifying potential improvements to the provincial tree marking guides for northern hardwood forests in Canada, particularly the Ontario Tree Marking Guide. We review the differences in methodologies and summarize which defects have been shown to affect vigour and/or quality. The defects that should be used to assess vigour are canopy dieback, cankers, and fungi. Decaying wounds, wounds without decay, canopy density, and bark condition could also be used as secondary criteria for borderline cases in which the primary criteria are not decisive. The defects that should be used to assess quality are cankers, fungi, cracks, cavities, and decay (including black bark and wounds with moisture or soft wood). We present a new classification system based on these results and identify potential challenges to its implementation.

Publisher

Canadian Institute of Forestry

Reference32 articles.

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2. Anderson, H.W. and J.A. Rice. 1993. A tree marking guide for the tolerant hardwoods working group in Ontario. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Science & Technology Series. 7: 227 pp.

3. Arbogast, C. 1957. Marking guides for northern hardwoods under the selection system. Station Paper LS-56. USDA Forest Service, Lake States Experiment Station, St. Paul, Minnesota. 21 pp.

4. Boulet, B. and G. Landry. 2015. La carie des arbres : Fondements, diagnostic et application, 3e ed. Les publications du Québec, Québec, 347 pp.

5. Adoption of new silvicultural methods in Mediterranean forests: the influence of educational background and sociodemographic factors on marker decisions

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