Nasopharyngeal amyloidoma: report of three cases and review of the literature

Abstract

Abstract Background Nasopharyngeal amyloidoma is a rare, locally aggressive tumor that has been reported in the English literature in only 38 cases to date, most of which were in the form of case reports. The present study was aimed to summarize the characteristics of this rare tumor, with the goal of providing new insights for diagnosis and treatment. Materials and methods We report three cases of nasopharyngeal amyloidoma diagnosed in our hospital following comprehensive medical examination and review the current literature on all cases of nasopharyngeal amyloidoma from PubMed. The journey of nasopharyngeal amyloidoma, including presentation, diagnostics, surgeries, and follow-up was outlined. Results None of the three patients had systemic amyloidosis. CT and nasal endoscopy showed irregular masses obstructing the nasopharyngeal cavity. Congo red staining confirmed the deposition of amyloid, and immunohistochemical analysis showed that the amyloid deposition was the AL light chain type. Through literature review, we found that nasopharyngeal amyloidoma most commonly occurred in individuals over the age of 40, patients usually had a good prognosis after complete tumor resection; however, there were still cases of recurrence, and unresected patients were at risk of progression to systemic amyloidosis. The efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy was currently uncertain. Conclusion Early clinical and pathological diagnosis is crucial, and surgical intervention is the primary treatment option for this disease. Although patients usually have a favorable prognosis, long-term monitoring is necessary to detect potential relapses and initiate timely intervention.