The GALAD score and the BALAD-2 score correlate with transarterial and systemic treatment response and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
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Published:2024-02-06
Issue:2
Volume:150
Page:
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ISSN:1432-1335
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Container-title:Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology
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language:en
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Short-container-title:J Cancer Res Clin Oncol
Author:
Olbrich Anne, Niemeyer Johannes, Seiffert Hendrik, Ebel Sebastian, Gros Olga, Lordick Florian, Forstmeyer Dirk, Seehofer Daniel, Rademacher Sebastian, Denecke Timm, Matz-Soja Madlen, Berg Thomas, van Bömmel FlorianORCID
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The GALAD score and the BALAD-2 score are biomarker-based scoring systems used to detect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both incorporate levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP). Our objective was to examine the relationship between the GALAD score as well as the BALAD-2 score and treatment response to transarterial or systemic treatments in patients with HCC.
Methods
A total of 220 patients with HCC treated with either transarterial (n = 121) or systemic treatments (n = 99; mainly Sorafenib) were retrospectively analyzed. The GALAD score and the BALAD-2 score were calculated based on AFP-L3, AFP, and DCP levels measured in serum samples collected before treatment. The results were correlated with 3-month treatment efficacy based on radiologic mRECIST criteria.
Results
The GALAD score showed a strong correlation with BCLC stage (p < 0.001) and total tumor diameter before treatment (p < 0.001).The GALAD score at baseline was significantly lower in patients with a 3-month response to transarterial (p > 0.001) than in refractory patients. Among patients receiving systemic treatment, the median BALAD-2 score at baseline showed a strong association with response at month 3 (p < 0.001).
In the transarterial treatment group, the GALAD score (AUC = 0.715; p < 0.001) as well as the BALAD score (AUC = 0.696; p < 0.001) were associated with overall survival, hereby outperforming AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP.
Conclusion
The GALAD score as well as the BALAD-2 score hold significant promise as a prognostic tool for patients with early or intermediate-stage HCC who are undergoing transarterial or systemic treatments.
Funder
Universität Leipzig
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Cancer Research,Oncology,General Medicine
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