Co-morbid Insomnia and Sleep Apnoea (COMISA): Latest Research from an Emerging Field

Abstract

Abstract Purpose of Review Insomnia and sleep apnoea are the two most prevalent sleep disorders and frequently co-exist. Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnoea (COMISA) is increasingly recognised as a highly prevalent condition that is associated with worse sleep, daytime function, physical and mental health compared to either disorder alone. Compared to people with sleep apnoea alone, those with COMISA are less likely to accept and use positive airway pressure therapy, the most effective treatment for sleep apnoea. Given the high prevalence, morbidity and complexities in effectively managing COMISA, it is critical to develop a better understanding of the aetiology, consequences and effective treatments for this condition. This report aims to provide an overview of recent COMISA research. Recent Findings This report presents an overview of emerging areas of COMISA research over the past 5 years, including (1) mental and physical health associations of COMISA, (2) bi-directional relationships between insomnia and sleep apnoea, (3) positive airway pressure therapy for COMISA and (4) cognitive behavioural therapy for COMISA. Future research directions are discussed, including tailored treatment approaches and implementation programs to improve recognition and management of COMISA. Summary COMISA is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition in sleep clinic and population-based settings. Emerging research aims to develop and implement more effective and tailored treatment approaches for COMISA, to improve sleep, mental health, physical health and quality of life in people with COMISA.