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Meta-analysis of the relationship between the number and location of perivascular spaces in the brain and cognitive function

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Abstract

Background

Cerebral perivascular spaces are part of the cerebral microvascular structure and play a role in lymphatic drainage and the removal of waste products from the brain. Relationships of the number and location of such spaces with cognition are unclear.

Objective

To meta-analyze available data on potential associations of severity and location of perivascular spaces with cognitive performance.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials for relevant studies published between January 2000 and July 2023. Performance on different cognitive domains was compared to the severity of perivascular spaces in different brain regions using comprehensive meta-analysis. When studies report unadjusted and adjusted means, we use adjusted means for meta-analysis. The study protocol is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023443460).

Results

We meta-analyzed data from 26 cross-sectional studies and two longitudinal studies involving 7908 participants. In most studies perivascular spaces was using a visual rating scale. A higher number of basal ganglia perivascular spaces was linked to lower general intelligence and attention. Moreover, increased centrum semiovale perivascular spaces were associated with worse general intelligence, executive function, language, and memory. Conversely, higher hippocampus perivascular spaces were associated with enhanced memory and executive function. Subgroup analyses revealed variations in associations among different disease conditions.

Conclusions

A higher quantity of perivascular spaces in the brain is correlated with impaired cognitive function. The location of these perivascular spaces and the underlying disease conditions may influence the specific cognitive domains that are affected.

Systematic review registration

The study protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023443460).

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work is financed by the Key Research and Development Project of the Sichuan Science and Technology Department (2023YFS0268).

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  1. Ling Liu and Liangdan Tu contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

    Ling Liu, Liangdan Tu, Qiuyan Shen, Yi Bao, Fang Xu, Dan Zhang & Yanming Xu

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LL wrote the main manuscript. YMX provided the study idea. LL and LDT conducted article literature search and data extraction. DX and LDT contributed to analyze and interpret the data. YMX and LDT made critical comments and revision for the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yanming Xu.

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Liu, L., Tu, L., Shen, Q. et al. Meta-analysis of the relationship between the number and location of perivascular spaces in the brain and cognitive function. Neurol Sci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-024-07438-3

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