1. Foucault, M., Birth of the Clinic: an archaeology of medical perception, London, Tavistock, 1973.
2. Foucault, M., Discipline and Punish: the birth of the prison, London, Allen Lane, 1977; see especially Part III on discipline.
3. This section draws on Armstrong, D., Political Anatomy of the Body: medical knowledge in Britain in the twentieth century, Cambridge University Press, 1983.
4. Newman, G., quoted in ‘Editorial’, British Medical Journal, 1, p. 646, 1920.
5. Armstrong, D., ‘Madness and coping’, Sociology of Health and Illness, 2, pp. 293–316, 1980.