Changes in biomarkers of exposure and withdrawal symptom among Chinese adult smokers after completely or partially switching from combustible cigarettes to an electronic nicotine delivery system

Author:

Li Chenmin,Guo Yi,Duan Kun,Wang Zhi,Wu Zehong,Jiang Xingtao,Yang Ling,Hu Shiju,Li Shoufeng,Huang Min,Zhong Guoping

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Emergency Medicine,Internal Medicine

Reference49 articles.

1. Wald NJ, Hackshaw AK (1996) Cigarette smoking: an epidemiological overview. Br Med Bull 52(1):3–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011530

2. National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (2021) 2020 Report on Health Hazards of Smoking in China. Beijing, National Health Commision of the People’s Republic of China.

3. Institute of Medicine Committee to Assess the Science Base for Tobacco Harm R (2001) Clearing the smoke: assessing the science base for tobacco harm reduction. In: Stratton K, Shetty P, Wallace R, Bondurant S (eds) Washington (DC), National Academies Press (US) Copyright 2001 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

4. Hatsukami DK, Carroll DM (2020) Tobacco harm reduction: Past history, current controversies and a proposed approach for the future. Prev Med 140:106099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106099

5. National Academies of Sciences E, Medicine, Health, Medicine D, Board on Population H, Public Health PCommittee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery S (2018) Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. Eaton DL, Kwan LY, Stratton K (eds) Washington (DC), National Academies Press (US), Copyright 2018 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved

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