Abstract
AbstractApocynin (APO), a well-known bioactive plant-based phenolic phytochemical with renowned anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pharmacological activities, has recently emerged as a specific nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor. As far as we know, no information has been issued yet regarding its topical application as a nanostructured-based delivery system. Herein, APO-loaded Compritol® 888 ATO (lipid)/chitosan (polymer) hybrid nanoparticles (APO-loaded CPT/CS hybrid NPs) were successfully developed, characterized, and optimized, adopting a fully randomized design (32) with two independent active parameters (IAPs), namely, CPT amount (XA) and Pluronic® F-68 (PF-68) concentration (XB), at three levels. Further in vitro–ex vivo investigation of the optimized formulation was performed before its incorporation into a gel base matrix to prolong its residence time with consequent therapeutic efficacy enhancement. Subsequently, scrupulous ex vivo–in vivo evaluations of APO-hybrid NPs-based gel (containing the optimized formulation) to scout out its momentous activity as a topical nanostructured system for beneficial remedy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were performed. Imperatively, the results support an anticipated effectual therapeutic activity of the APO-hybrid NPs-based gel formulation against Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis (CFA-induced RA) in rats. In conclusion, APO-hybrid NPs-based gel could be considered a promising topical nanostructured system to break new ground for phytopharmaceutical medical involvement in inflammatory-dependent ailments.
Graphical Abstract
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference95 articles.
1. Anita C, Munira M, Mural Q, Shaily L. Topical nanocarriers for management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A review. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;141: 111880.
2. Noh ASM, Chuan TD, Khir NAM, Zin AAM, Ghazali AK, Long I, Abaziz CB, Ismail CAN. Effects of different doses of complete Freund’s adjuvant on nociceptive behaviour and inflammatory parameters in polyarthritic rat model mimicking rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(12): e0260423.
3. Andrew GM, Chukwuebuka E, Tamirat Bekele B, Kennedy JN, Fanuel L. Phytopharmaceuticals: Efficacy, safety, and regulation. In: Egbuna C, Mishra AP, Goyal MR, editors. Preparation of phytopharmaceuticals for the management of disorders: the development of nutraceuticals and traditional medicine. London: Academic; 2021. p. 25–38.
4. Stefanska J, Pawliczak R. Apocynin: molecular aptitudes. Mediators Inflamm. 2008;2008: 106507.
5. Ximenes VF, Kanegae MP, Rissato SR, Galhiane MS. The oxidation of apocynin catalyzed by myeloperoxidase: Proposal for NADPH oxidase inhibition. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007;457(2):134–41.
Cited by
1 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献