DNA Methylation and Smoking: Implications for Understanding Effects of Electronic Cigarettes

Author:

Freudenheim Jo L.,Shields Peter G.,Song Min-Ae,Smiraglia Dominic

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Medicine

Reference128 articles.

1. Grana R, Benowitz N, Glantz SA. E-cigarettes: a scientific review. Circulation. 2014;129:1972–86.

2. • TW W, Asman K, Gentze AS, Cullen KA, Holder-Hayes E, Reyes-Guzman C, et al. Tobacco product use among adults—United States, 2017. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67:1125–232 Data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a sample of the US civilian population (2017 n = 26,742 adults over age 18), were used to determine prevalence of use of tobacco products including electronic cigarettes. Estimated was current and ever use.

3. • Cullen KA, Ambrose BK, Gentzke AS, Apelberg BJ, Jamal A, King BA. Use of electronic cigarettes and any tobacco product among middle and high school students—United States, 2011–2018. Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67:1276–7 Data from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) were analyzed for 2011 to 2018. The NYTS is a cross-sectional survey of middle and high school students in the USA. It is voluntary and self-administered. Over this time period, reported use of e-cigs has increased for both middle and high schoolers. There was a 78% increase in current use for high school students and 48% increase for middle school students.

4. Odani S, Armour BS, Agaku IT. Racial/ethnic disparities in tobacco product use among middle and high school students—United States, 2014–2017. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67:952–7.

5. Levy DT, Yuan Z, Li Y. The prevalence and characteristics of e-cigarette users in the U.S. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14:1200.

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