B cells in autoimmune hepatitis: bystanders or central players?

Author:

Schultheiß ChristophORCID,Steinmann Silja,Lohse Ansgar W.,Binder MaschaORCID

Abstract

AbstractB cells are central for the adaptive immune system to mount successful immune responses not only as antibody producers but also as regulators of cellular immunity. These multifaceted features are also reflected in autoimmunity where autoreactive B cells can fuel disease by production of cytotoxic autoantibodies, presentation of autoantigens to autoreactive T cells, and secretion of cytokines and chemokines that either promote detrimental immune activation or impair regulatory T and B cells. The role of B cells and autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) have been controversially discussed, with typical autoantibodies and hypergammaglobulinemia indicating a key role, while strong HLA class II association suggests T cells as key players. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on B cells in AIH and how different B cell subpopulations may drive AIH progression beyond autoantibodies. We also discuss recent findings of B cell-directed therapies in AIH.

Funder

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

YAEL Foundation

Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Immunology,Immunology and Allergy

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