Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of the Review
This review provides an in-depth evaluation of the existing information on peri-implant wound healing basics with a specific focus on local and systemic determinants affecting short and long-term clinical outcomes.
Recent Findings
Peri-implant wound healing has been heavily studied in relation to biocompatibility of biomaterials and various surgical techniques for predictable and stable osseointegration. Short-term outcomes have been explored as a response to immediate, early and delayed implant placement and/or mechanical loading while long-term stability has been investigated as a response of time, restorative design and well-established risk factors such as periodontitis and smoking. It has been also reported that peri-implant bone remodeling is a continuous phenomenon, and several ill-described local factors may differentially affect implant fixture and bone interface.
Summary
As research presents better evidence on implant soft tissue interface, we now understand that established peri-implant sulcus consists of a modified mucosal seal/ soft tissue attachment with short junctional epithelium, significant fibrotic connective tissue and limited wound healing capacity. In addition, long-term response of the soft tissue against titanium alloy as a transmucosal device within oral cavity has raised significant challenges negatively affecting success of implant supported dental restorations.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference111 articles.
1. Brånemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Breine U, Lindström J, Hallén O, Öhman A. Osseointegrated titannium implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1977;11(Suppl 16):1–175.
2. Schroeder A, van der Zypen E, Stich H, Sutter F. The reactions of bone, connective tissue, and epithelium to endosteal implants with titanium-sprayed surfaces. J Maxillofac Surg. 1981;9:15–25.
3. Daher FI, Abi-Aad HL, Dimassi HI, Baba NZ, Majzoub Z. Factors affecting implant stability quotients at immediately and conventionally loaded implants in the posterior maxilla: A split-mouth randomized controlled trial. J Prosthodont. 2021;30(7):590–603.
4. Bosshardt DD, Chappuis V, Buser D. Osseointegration of titanium, titanium alloy and zirconia dental implants: current knowledge and open questions. Periodontol. 2000;2017(73):22–40.
5. Raghavendra S, Wood MC, Taylor TD. Early wound healing around endoosseous implants: A review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2005;20:425–31.