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Effects of vitamin D and/or calcium intervention on sleep quality in individuals with prediabetes: a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and/or calcium supplementation on sleep quality in individuals with prediabetes.

Methods

A 24-week randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in a 212 Chinese population with prediabetes. Participants were randomly assigned to four groups: vitamin D + calcium group (1600 IU/day + 500 mg/day, n = 53), vitamin D group (1600 IU/day, n = 54), calcium group (500 mg/day, n = 51), and control group (placebo, n = 54). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used as the primary outcome to assess sleep quality. Questionnaires and fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and post-intervention for demographic assessment and correlation index analysis.

Results

After a 24-week intervention, a significant difference was observed in serum 25(OH)D concentration among the four groups (P < 0.05), and the total PSQI score in vitamin D + calcium group was lower compared to the preintervention levels. Subgroup analyses revealed improved sleep quality with calcium supplementation (P < 0.05) for specific groups, including women, individuals with a low baseline 25(OH)D level (< 30 ng/mL), and individuals in menopause. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between the extent of change in sleep efficiency scores before and after the calcium intervention and the degree of change in insulin efficiency scores (r = − 0.264, P = 0.007), as well as the magnitude of change in islet beta cell function (r = − 0.304, P = 0.002).

Conclusions

The combined intervention of vitamin D and calcium, as well as calcium interventions alone, exhibits substantial potential for improving sleep quality in individuals with prediabetes.

Clinical trial registration

The trial was registered in August 2019 as ChiCTR190002487.

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Data availability

The data are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy concerns.

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Acknowledgements

We express our gratitude for the generous provision of intervention and placebo products by Sinopharm Xingsha Pharmaceuticals (Xiamen) Co., Ltd. and Zhendong Health Industry Group Co., Ltd.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grants numbers 81872626). None of the funders had any role in the research design, analysis, or writing of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China

    Yufan Miao, Luoya Zhang, Dongdong Zhang, Mingming Feng, Tong Zhao, Hanlu Song, Zhongyan Jiang, Longkang Li, Xiaonuo Wei, Wenjie Li & Xing Li

  2. Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China

    Chunyang Zhang

  3. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hami Central Hospital, Hami, Xinjiang, China

    Chunyang Zhang

  4. Sinopharm Xingsha Pharmaceuticals (Xiamen) Co. Ltd., Xiamen, Fujian, China

    Xiaoqin Zhong

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  1. Yufan Miao
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Contributions

Conceptualization and methodology: YM, and LZ. Formal analysis and investigation: DZ, MF, TZ, CZ, HS, LL, ZJ, and XW. Writing—original draft preparation: YM. Writing—review and editing: WL and XL. Funding acquisition: WL. Supervision: XL.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xing Li.

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Conflict of interest

The authors have no relevant interests to declare.

Ethics approval

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Zhengzhou University Life Science Ethics Committee. This trial has been registered on http://www.chictr.org.cn under the registration number ChiCTR1900024872. All participants provided signed informed consent prior to their participation.

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Miao, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, D. et al. Effects of vitamin D and/or calcium intervention on sleep quality in individuals with prediabetes: a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03345-7

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