Response surface optimization and sensitive analysis on biomagnetic blood Carreau nanofluid flow in stenotic artery with motile gyrotactic microorganisms

Abstract

Abstract In this study, we investigate blood flow in a small artery with a constriction using gold nanoparticles (Au) in the presence of microorganisms, mass, and heat transfer. The non-Newtonian behavior of blood fluid in slight arteries is quantitatively inspected by simulating blood flow using the Carreau fluid model. Momentum equations incorporating magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and Darcy–Forchheimer porous media are used to model the fluid flow. Heat transfer properties, including thermal radiation, joule dissipation, and bio-convective microorganisms, are investigated. Blood serves as the base fluid for the nanofluid, which contains gold nanoparticles. The system's nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ODEs through suitable transformations. To obtain numerical solutions for these ODEs, the homotopy analysis method is used. The physical implications of flow restrictions are compared with fictitious fluid flow using physical interpretations. Additionally, investigations into the interpretations of blood flow based on drag force and heat transfer are being conducted. ANOVA, or analysis of variance, is a dependable statistical tool used to evaluate regression models and a variety of statistical tests. These investigations include error assessments, total error evaluations, F-values, p-values, and model fit assessments. These statistical investigations were applied to the dataset at hand, with the goal of achieving a robust 95% level of confidence. We investigate the effects of minute adjustments in parameters on both the heat transfer rate and the friction factor rate using these analyses. The study intends to dive deeper into the potential effects of minor changes in one or more factors on the overall effectiveness of surface friction rate and the larger domain of thermal energy transfer. This will be performed by employing sensitivity analysis approaches. This strategy allows us to obtain a better understanding of how minor changes to specific parameters might affect the speed of thermal energy conveyance and fluid flow management. Furthermore, it lays the framework for future studies aimed at optimising system designs. Article highlights We examined blood based MHD Au-nanofluid flow in the presence of microorganisms applying Carreau fluid model. To model the nanofluid flow we used, Darcy-Forchheimer porous media and heat transfer properties. Analysis of variance is a dependable statistical tool is used for the finding of regression models and a variety of statistical tests.