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Prevalence and associated factors of obesity in patients with major depressive disorder at different ages of onset

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Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and obesity are two serious public health problems. Although there have been some research on both, there have few studies on differences in obesity among MDD patients at different ages of onset. The study aims to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with obesity in MDD patients at different ages of onset. This study totally recruited 1718 first-episode drug-naive MDD patients aged from 18 to 60 years. All subjects were divided into two subgroups: early adulthood onset (EAO, 18–45 years) and mid-adulthood onset (MAO, 45–60 years). Clinical symptoms of patients were evaluated using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale. Baseline parameters including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and hematological biochemical parameters were assessed to investigate the association between these parameters and weight gain risk. The percentages of overweight and obesity patients with MDD in EAO group were 54.4% and 4.1%, respectively, and the percentages of overweight and obesity patients with MDD in MAO group were 60.4% and 2.8%, respectively. MDD patients in the MAO group had a longer duration of illness and higher scores in HAMD, HAMA, and PANSS positive subscale. They also had higher levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) levels. BMI did not differ significantly between the two groups. In the EAO group, statistically significant differences were found among normal weight, overweight and obese group in duration of illness, age of onset, TSH, TgAb, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), free thyroxine (FT4), TC, triglycerides (TG), SBP and DBP. The TSH, TgTb and SBP were identified as risk factors for weight gain. In the MAO group, statistically significant differences were found among normal weight, overweight and obese group in TSH and FBG. The two indicators were identified as risk factors for weight gain. There were no significant differences in the weight of MDD patients at different ages of onset, while the factors that could potentially lead to obesity did show some differences.

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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable requests.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to all the clinical physicians and nurses that participated in our current study and also to those research staff that contributed to the clinical assessments.

Funding

This work was supported by grants from the CAS International Cooperation Research Program (153111KYSB20190004) and funded by Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-033A).

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  1. Xiaoen Liu and Xue Tian contributed equally.

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  1. Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China

    Xiaoen Liu, Xue Tian & Lina Wang

  2. Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Xiangyang Zhang

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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Xiangyang Zhang, Xiaoen Liu, Xue Tian and Lina Wang. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Xiaoen Liu and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University (No. 2016-Y27). The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.

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Liu, X., Tian, X., Wang, L. et al. Prevalence and associated factors of obesity in patients with major depressive disorder at different ages of onset. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-024-01766-3

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