Structural Racism Conceptualization and Operationalization for Research for the U.S. HIV Epidemic: Findings from a Scoping Review and Implications for Advancing Research for Structural Interventions

Author:

Muno Betelhem A.ORCID,Islam Jessica Y.ORCID,Schwartz Rahel,Wallace Stephaun,Camacho-Rivera MarleneORCID,Patel Rena C.ORCID

Funder

National Institute of Mental Health

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Foundation for the National Institutes of Health

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Reference51 articles.

1. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. In: Smedley BD, Stith AY, Nelson AR, editors. Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Washington: National Academies Press; 2003.

2. Caraballo C, Massey DS, Ndumele CD, Haywood T, Kaleem S, King T, et al. Excess mortality and years of potential life lost among the Black population in the US, 1999–2020. JAMA. 2023;329:1662–70. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.7022.

3. Social Determinants of Health - Healthy People 2030 | health.gov [cited 2023 Dec 14]. Available from: https://health.gov/healthypeople/priority-areas/social-determinants-health

4. Phelan JC, Link BG. Is racism a fundamental cause of inequalities in health? Annu Rev Sociol. 2015;41:311–30. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112305.

5. Bailey ZD, Feldman JM, Bassett MT. How structural racism works—racist policies as a root cause of U.S. racial health inequities. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:768–73. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMms2025396.

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