1. Guan Q. A comprehensive review and update on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. J Immunol Res Hindawi. 2019;2019:e7247238.
2. Head KA, Jurenka JS. Inflammatory bowel disease Part 1: ulcerative colitis—pathophysiology and conventional and alternative treatment options. Altern Med Rev United States. 2003;8:247–83.
3. Head K, Jurenka JS. Inflammatory bowel disease Part II: Crohn’s disease—pathophysiology and conventional and alternative treatment options. Altern Med Rev United States. 2004;9:360–401.
4. Mak WY, Zhao M, Ng SC, Burisch J. The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: east meets west. J Gastroenterol Hepatol Australia. 2020;35:380–9.
5. Zhao M, Burisch J. Impact of genes and the environment on the pathogenesis and disease course of inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2019;64:1759–69.