Gene Flow Between Tetraploid and Hexaploid Wheat for Breeding Innovation

Author:

Mazzucotelli Elisabetta,Mastrangelo Anna Maria,Desiderio Francesca,Barabaschi Delfina,Maccaferri Marco,Tuberosa Roberto,Cattivelli Luigi

Abstract

AbstractDurum and bread wheat are two related species with different ploidy levels but a high similarity between the common A and B genomes. This feature, which allows a continuous gene flow between the two species, can be exploited in breeding programs to improve key traits in both crops. Therefore, durum wheat, despite covering only 5% of cultivated wheat worldwide, also represents an asset for the genetic improvement of bread wheat. Tetraploid wheat, with a very large availability of wild and domesticated accessions, durum landraces, and cultivars, offers a large gene reservoir to increase the genetic diversity of A and B genomes in bread wheat. Moreover, thanks to the possibility of crossing durum wheat with Aegilops tauschii, synthetic hexaploid lines are generated which show a much larger genetic diversity also in the D genome compared to common wheat. The genome sequences of wild emmer, durum, and bread wheat provide power tools for gene cloning and comparative genomics that will also facilitate the shuttling of genes between tetraploid and hexaploid wheats.

Publisher

Springer International Publishing

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