History of Depression Increases Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Younger Adults

Abstract

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to assess the history of previous depression in people with incident diabetes compared with people without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted a population-based nested case-control study using the administrative databases of Saskatchewan Health to assess the study objective. We identified cases of type 2 diabetes based on diagnostics codes and prescription records for individuals over the age of 20 years. For each case subject, two control subjects were randomly selected from the nondiabetic population during the same index year. History of depression, based on diagnostic codes and antidepressant prescription, was ascertained up to 3 years before index date. Simple and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CIs, after adjusting for age, sex, and frequency of physician visits. RESULTS—Individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes (1,622 of 33,257; 4.9%) were 30% more likely to have had a previous history of depression compared with people without diabetes (2,279 of 59,420; 3.8%). This increased risk remained after controlling for sex and number of physician visits but was limited to subjects 20–50 years of age (adjusted OR 1.23 [95% CI 1.10–1.37]) and not in those aged ≥51 years (0.92 [0.84–1.00]). CONCLUSIONS—Depression appears to increase the risk of developing diabetes by ∼23% in younger adults. This provides information regarding the temporality of the relationship between diabetes and depression.